With each passing day, the possibility of Ukraine receiving German Leopard tanks is growing. Although Germany has refused to allow them to be sent, many European countries are pressuring Berlin to do so. In this article, we will not reflect on the political decisions still pending.

When the German Leopard 2 tank meets the Russian T-90M tank on the battlefield, the outcome will depend on various factors such as the terrain, tactics employed, crew training, and the specific configuration and capabilities of each tank variant. Both the Leopard 2 and T-90M are modern main battle tanks and possess advanced technologies and formidable firepower.

The Leopard 2 is a highly regarded tank known for its excellent protection, mobility, and accurate firepower. It features advanced armor systems, including composite and modular armor, which provide a high level of protection against various threats. The tank is equipped with a 120mm smoothbore gun and advanced fire control systems, allowing for accurate long-range engagements.

The T-90M, on the other hand, is the latest iteration of the Russian T-90 tank series. It incorporates upgrades such as improved armor protection, an upgraded engine, and advanced fire control systems. The T-90M also features the 125mm smoothbore gun, which is capable of firing a variety of ammunition types.

In a direct confrontation between the Leopard 2 and T-90M, both tanks have the potential to inflict significant damage on each other. The outcome will depend on factors such as the effectiveness of their respective armor protection, the skill and experience of the crews, and the ability to exploit tactical advantages.

It’s important to note that modern warfare is complex, and tanks rarely operate in isolation. The battlefield involves a wide range of supporting elements, such as infantry, artillery, air support, electronic warfare systems, and reconnaissance assets. The outcome of a battle is not solely determined by the performance of two tanks but rather the combined efforts and coordination of all forces involved.

In summary, it is challenging to predict the specific outcome when a German Leopard 2 meets a Russian T-90M on the battlefield. The result would depend on various factors and the dynamic nature of the battle itself.

Suppose Ukraine already has Leopards. Also, let’s assume they will be mod 2. Who would prevail in a fight that didn’t happen but still could happen?

The human factor

Tank crews have a key stake in the outcome of such a battle. Sometimes, as history has proven, just because you have good weaponry doesn’t mean you’re guaranteed victory.

Russian tankers would have a slight advantage in this battle. The main reasons are twofold: the experience and the condition of the tanks.

Reports show that Ukrainian crews are being trained to operate the German Leopard tank. This means that despite their experience as tankers, they will face new, almost unknown technology. 

Their risk of making a mistake in driving the tank is greater than their Russian counterparts. The first crew is more likely to get confused during combat, mostly because of the completely different equipment, than the second crew.

It is not yet known what tanks Ukraine would receive. We cannot put them under the same denominator as the other western technology, but it is noticed that some heavy artillery systems give defects. Mostly defects related to overloading. If such an intense load is placed on the German tank, it may also cause a defect.

 It can appear in the fire control system or the rapid wear of the gun. The fact is that since the end of the war, both Russian and Ukrainian sources have not reported any problems with Russian artillery.

Power

If not now, then in a few months in the middle of spring, the two tanks may face each other. This is a period of heavy torrential spring rains. That means a lot of mud, really a lot of mud.

Russia boasts the capabilities of the T-90 in such conditions, but this is not exactly the case. Even before the war, we reported that dozens of tanks got stuck in the mud on the Russian-Ukrainian border. 

The Russians brought a tractor to the training ground to pull out all the tractors stuck in the mud one by one. The German Leopard is more powerful. 1,500 German horsepower vs. 1,130 Russian horsepower. The Leopard “snarls” with a 12 V MTU cylinder diesel engine. Its Russian competitor cannot boast of such characteristics.

Maneuverability

Apart from the fact that the German Leopard is more powerful than the Russian T-90M, it is also more maneuverable than it. Unlike the T-90M, the Leopards are equipped with a much more modern transmission: the Renk HSWL 354.

With a powerful engine and modern transmission in the conditions of Ukrainian mud, the German tank can reach up to 75 km/h, while the Russian up to 60 km/h. 

This gives the Leopards much better maneuverability. The ground-specific pressure indicator of the Leopard is slightly better than that of the T-90M. Another advantage for better maneuverability.

Armament

One German Rh-120 L/44 120 mm gun (or Rh-120 L/55 120mm) against the Russian 2A46M-5 125 mm smoothbore gun. Both tanks have a secondary armament. 

The T-90M is composed of one 12.7mm Kord Heavy machine gun and one 7.62mm PKMT (belt-fed general-purpose machine gun). The Germans mounted two 7.62 mm MG3A1 or two 7.62 mm FN MAGs on the Leopard’s turret.

Should weapons be compared? To some extent, though, it’s not them that are decisive in the situation, but the ammunition they use. The German Leopard can fire a projectile at 3,500 meters, while the T-90M, according to Russian sources, at 4,000 meters.

And if the two projectiles are almost identical in their characteristics, the larger caliber of the Russian gun makes up the difference of 500 meters.

Armor

There is a difference in the armor of the two tanks. The multilayer armor of the German Leopards is made of high-hardness steel and ceramic components. Russian armor is made of special alloy and composite materials.

Some say Leopards have a weak spot. This is the board and the rear of the tank since there is minimal armor there. But the same can be said about the Russian tank, especially in its rear.

Realistically, both tanks will take damage if hit by an enemy tank’s projectile. And how will they fare against a hand-held anti-tank weapon? Both tanks will be equally bad and lose this battle. In Ukraine, we saw defeats of Russian tanks equipped with armor like the T-90M. 

The Leopard 2 is still gone in Ukraine, but in Syria, Turkish troops lost three tanks in one battle near the town of Al-Bab in northern Syria. The tanks were Leopard 2 and were hit by Russian man-portable anti-tank missiles.

And yet – who will win?

Still… if the two tanks met in a battle, who would have the upper hand? It’s hard to guess. Both tanks have equal stats, with each of them having some kind of advantage.

The Russian tank would win, relying on the inexperience with this technique of the Ukrainian crew. The German tank would also win, relying on its better maneuverability. This battle will be decided by these two metrics. Neither armament nor armor can give one an advantage over the other.